Comments: These are fabulous fish that develop lots of sparkle.

Origin: Eartheaters are members of a very large family of related fish, called Cichlids.

The ancestors of this Eartheater lived in the southwestern part of Brazil in South America. But now this Eartheater lives in aquariums all over the world.

Maximum Size: In aquariums males can grow to be about than 5.5" long, including their tails, which is a nice size for aquariums: not too big and not too small.

Females are a bit smaller than males.

Behaviors: Eartheaters are usually not aggressive fish, but males will quarrel with each other from time to time.

They are more aggressive just before spawning, during spawning, and when protecting their eggs and babies.

They're called Eartheaters not because they eat earth, but because they lake large mouthfuls of small gravel and sift out food particles to eat.

In this way they help keep the gravel cleaner, which is a big benefit in many aquariums with gravel.

Compatibility: Some recommended tank mates include catfish like Pictus Cats, Plecostomus, and most other fish that are not too aggressive. Even small fish are not bothered by Eartheaters.

Click here to read more about compatible groups of pet fish.

Temperature: Eartheaters live best from about 74 to 82-degrees F., with 78 being perhaps ideal.

Click here to learn about aquarium temperature, aquarium thermometers, and aquarium heaters.

Feeding: Premium Fish Food Pellets is the best type of food to feed Eartheaters, and can be fed to them throughout their entire lives. Probably best to feed the smaller size pellets.

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Water Conditions: Their ancestors lived in water is usually soft and rather acidic, but apparently at times the pH and hardness increased in these waters.

So Eartheaters can adapt to most types of tap water, and as usual it's best not to change water chemistry, unless you want to breed them, hatch the eggs, and raise the baby fish.

Click here for a lot more information about aquarium water conditions.

If water conditions are not kept very good, Eartheaters may get the so-called Hole in the Head Disease.

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Aquarium Size: Eartheaters grow fast and soon need to live in an aquarium with at least 80-gallons of water and eventually in an even bigger aquarium, if you have several of them.

Decor: Eartheaters need gravel. Keep a layer that's shallow enough that they can dig all the way to the bottom. As they get older and bigger, they will be able to dig deeper.

If the layer of gravel is deeper than they can dig, the gravel will fill with bits of uneaten food and become contaminated.

Click here for more about aquarium gravel.

Live plants are beautiful and improve the water quality, but Eartheaters will usually uproot plants, so aquariums with Eartheaters rarely have live plants.

Here is a way get around that problem. Put the plants in new clean uncontaminated terra-cotta pots with #2 gravel, then top the gravel off with a then layer of aquarium-safe rocks that are too big for the Eartheaters to move.

Aquarium Filter: Bio-Wheel Filters are highly recommended.

Most 80-gallon aquariums have room along the back for two Penguin 350B Filters, and this is sort of the minimum set up for Eartheaters.

Better is a 120, 150, or 200-gallon aquarium with as many Penguin 350B Filters as will fit across the back.

Eventually one Eartheater will need a very large aquarium with many filters along the back edge.

Click here to learn more about aquarium filters.

Like Oscars, Eartheaters will develop Hole in the Head Disease, if the water conditions deteriorate for several weeks. So dedicated maintenance is a must.

Click here to read more about Hole in the Head Disease.

The addition of Lava Rocks will keep nitrates in the ideal range. Click here to learn more about using Lava Rocks in aquariums.

Life Span: Eartheaters can live for several years and possibly longer.

Gender: It's difficult to tell males from females. Males are more colorful and usually have longer more pointy fins.

When Eartheaters breed you can see their breeding tubes, and the female's tube is much larger than the males.

Breeding: Eartheaters choose a territory often in a back corner of the aquarium, and evict the other fish from that territory.

They'll soon begin cleaning an area like the surface of flat rock then lay eggs, and then they'll guard their eggs for few day until they hatch, then take the babies into their mouths to protect them.

Click here for a lot more about breeding various tropical fish in aquariums.

Popularity: For a long time Eartheaters have been popular aquarium fish.

Names: It seems that scientists have not yet given this fish a scientific name, so they are temporarily called Geophagus (species) "Red Head Tapajos".

But some tropical fish sellers call them Geophagus parnaibae, which I'm told by experts is almost certainly a different species in the same group, called the Surinamensis Eartheaters group.

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